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SAFETY Recommended Cryogenic Safety In-House Course Outline; can be modified to suit your needs. DAY 1 1. Course concept What makes a safe person? What is unusual about cryogenics that causes problems? How to design to minimize these problems Once designed and built, how to operate the system to minimize problems If everything goes wrong, what are the emergency procedures? Specifically, the issues to be covered in this course include: Properties common to all cryogenic fluids underlying safety issues Construction materials at cryogenic temperatures, low temperature embrittlement Handling hazards common to any cryogen, including nitrogen and high pressure gases Specific issues of oxygen Specific issues of hydrogen Cryogenic Safety Awareness: How to live better and longer on the job
2. Properties of cryogenic fluids raising safety issue Complete description of the P-V-T surface, phase diagrams Thermophysical properties of cryogenic fluids, their definition and application Engineering properties of specific cryogenic fluids Where to find engineering data for cryogenic fluids
3. Materials of construction at low temperatures Brittle vs. ductile behavior Mechanical properties of materials of construction: yield, tensile, impact strength Transport properties: heat capacity, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion
Electrical properties: resistance, correlation of thermal and electrical
conductivity, Sources of data for safe design
4. Liquid
nitrogen and high pressure gases, safety issues common to all cryogenic Physiological hazards: frostbite, asphyxiation What types of protective clothing to wear Embrittlement of materials at low temperatures
Excessive pressure gas hazards. Why cryogenic liquids systems should always be
treated as Stored energy, what is a "high" pressure Every cryogenic line without exception must be treated as a high pressure line
Flammability and explosion hazards, formation of oxygen-enriched air. Is liquid
nitrogen
DAY 2
5. Safety in Oxygen Systems What makes oxygen potentially dangerous Oxygen's critical safety and handling properties How oxygen safety is fundamentally different from hydrogen and nitrogen Good and bad design features of oxygen systems How to clean and decontaminate oxygen equipment Operational hazards with oxygen What materials are the least sensitive to oxygen ignition Operating and emergency procedures for oxygen
6. Safety in Hydrogen Systems Hydrogen's critical safety and handling properties How hydrogen is fundamentally different from oxygen Good and bad design features of hydrogen systems How to clean hydrogen equipment, effective purging Operational hazards with hydrogen Ignition sources, why ignition sources must be minimized How to effectively detect hydrogen leaks Fire detection of hydrogen flames Operating and emergency procedures of hydrogen
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